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1.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(1): 30-33, jul. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831379

ABSTRACT

El empiema subdural es una complicación intracraneana secundaria a sinusitis bacteriana poco frecuente que ocurre generalmenteen varones entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, de 16 años, sinantecedentes, asintomático. Ingresa por cefalea frontoparietal izquierda intensa, compromiso cualitativo de conciencia, calofríos,fiebre y vómitos, sin focalidad neurológica ni signos meníngeos. Resonancia magnética de cerebro muestra colección líquida subduralinterhemisférica en región frontoparietal izquierda que desplaza línea media y sinusitis aguda frontoetmoidomaxilar ipsilateral.Se realiza craniectomía frontoparietal, drenaje quirúrgico y tratamiento antibiótico triasociado intravenoso. Paciente evolucionacon desaparición de síntomas y sin secuelas neurológicas. La clínica del empiema subdural es inespecífica, encontrándose másfrecuentemente cefalea, vómitos, fiebre y compromiso de conciencia. Las imágenes son esenciales para confirmar el diagnósticoy determinar la necesidad de cirugía. Es una patología, cuyo manejo debe ser médico y quirúrgico, comprendiendo drenaje dela colección y terapia antimicrobiana intravenosa. La duración del tratamiento se ha descrito de 3 a 6 semanas. Es necesario unabordaje multidisciplinario precoz para un buen resultado neurológico y funcional, ya que la morbimortalidad se describe hastaun 40%.


The subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis is a rare intracranial complication, which occurs mostly in males in the secondto third decade. We present a case of a 16 years old male patient, without medical history. He is hospitalized for a frontparietalprogressive headache, associated with decreased of consciousness, chills, fever and vomiting, without neurological deficit andmeningeal signs. The magnetic resonance imaging reveals a subdural interhemispheric liquid collection in the left frontparietal regionwith deviation of midline brain structures and left acute frontethmoidmaxilary sinusitis. Craniotomy and surgical drainage withintravenous antibiotic treatment was made. The symptoms dissapear after this and no neurological sequelae was found. The clinicalmanifestation of subdural empyema are inespecific. The more frecuent symptoms are headache, vomit, fever and decreasedof consciousness. The imaging study is essential to diagnose and evaluate the surgical need. The subdural empyema is pathologywith a medical and surgical management; wich involves collection drainage and intravenous antibiotic therapy. It is been describedthat the treatment duration will be prolonged for 3 to 6 weeks. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for a better neurologicaland functional outcome, because the mortality rates are described up to 40%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Craniotomy , Drainage , Empyema, Subdural/diagnosis , Empyema, Subdural/epidemiology , Frontal Sinusitis/complications , Frontal Sinusitis/diagnosis , Frontal Sinusitis/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Headache
2.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(6): 865-873, nov. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999143

ABSTRACT

La implementación del Régimen de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) el año 2005 y la incorporación de siete patologías oftalmológicas de alta prevalencia y o potencial riesgo de compromiso severo de la visión ha mejorado en forma significativa la cobertura de atención oftalmológica en nuestro país. Han disminuido los tiempos de espera para los diagnósticos y tratamientos de estas patologías ciñéndose a guías clínicas y protocolos de atención basados en la evidencia científica existente, confeccionados por la autoridad sanitaria con la colaboración de las sociedades científicas correspondientes, estableciendo normas de calidad. De las patologías incluidas -retinopatía del prematuro, vicios de refracción en mayores de 65 años, estrabismo en menores de nueve años, desprendimiento de retina y trauma ocular grave- son la retinopatía diabética y el tratamiento quirúrgico de la catarata los que han tenido un mayor impacto. Como estrategias para mejorar estas coberturas, además de continuar con los procesos de capacitación del recurso humano y la implementación con nuevos equipos e instrumental, se debe potenciar la resolutividad en la atención primaria hasta lograr en un 80 por ciento solucionar las consultas oftalmológicas a este nivel con el oftalmólogo, el tecnólogo médico con mención en oftalmología y el técnico paramédico


GES (Garantías Explícitas en Salud) implementation in 2005 and the incorporation of seven high - prevalence ophthalmological pathologies and / or its potential risk of severe vision compromise, have significantly improved the cover in the ophthalmic attention in our country; waiting times have diminished for diagnoses and treatments of these pathologies, attaining to clinical guidelines and attention protocols based in the present scientific evidence made by the medical authority with the cooperation of the corresponding scientific society, establishing quality rules. Among the pathologies that are included, premature retinopathy, refraction of vision habits in people older than 65 years-old, strabismus in children less than 9 years-old, detachment of the retina, severe ocular trauma, being diabetic retinopathy and cataract operation the ones that have had major impact. Some of the strategies used to improve these covers, apart from continuing with people training programs and the implementation of new equipments and their instrumental, resolution in primary attention must be improved until achieving an 80 percent of solving ophthalmological consultations in this level with the ophthalmologist, the medical technologist specialized in ophthalmology and the technical paramedic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Care Reform , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Eye Health Services , Eye Diseases/therapy , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Eye Diseases/diagnosis
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(2): 167-174, feb. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-398048

ABSTRACT

Background: Thrombophilia is an alteration of hemostasis that increases the risk to venous or arterial thrombosis. This condition may be the underlying cause of retinal vein thrombosis. Aim: To study the presence of thrombophilia in patients with retinal vein thrombosis. Patients and methods: Prospective study of 55 patients aged 22 to 86 years, with retinal vein thrombosis (central or branch). Antithrombin III, coagulant protein C, functional protein S, resistance to activated C protein, homocysteine, prothrombin G20210A gene, lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies were measured in all. Results: Seventeen patients had thrombophilic markers (antiphospholipid syndrome in seven, hyperhomocysteinemia in six and resistance to protein C in three). Of these 17 patients, 53percent had high blood pressure, 35percent an abnormal serum lipid profile and 23percent a personal history of thrombosis. The thrombosis was central in 12 (ischemic in four) and of a branch in five (ischemic in two). Conclusions: Thrombophilic markers must be assessed in patients with retinal vein thrombosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Retinal Vein Occlusion/etiology , Thrombophilia/complications , Thrombophilia/blood , Risk Factors , Blood Coagulation Tests
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(4): 402-408, abr. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314922

ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, is higher in diabetic patients and can have severe functional and esthetic consequences early in their lives. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetics, aged between 18 and 30 years old, living in Santiago de Chile. Subjects and methods: One hundred male and female type 1 diabetics were examined. Glycated hemoglobin A1c, microalbuminuria, and fundoscopy were assessed in a sample of 52 subjects, separated in two groups according to the presence of periodontal disease. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis was 22 percent, periodontitis 41 percent. Only 37 percent of subjects were free of periodontal disease. When compared with patients without periodontal disease, in the group of patients with the disease there was a higher proportion of subjects with diabetes lasting more than 10 years (28 and 55 percent respectively) and a higher proportion of patients with chronic complications of diabetes (42 and 58 percent respectively). Conclusions: A high prevalence of periodontal diseases was observed in this sample of diabetic patients. A long history of diabetes and the presence of chronic complications were risk factors for these diseases in the analyzed sample


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Periodontal Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Periodontal Diseases , Smoking , Oral Health , Risk Factors
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 42(3): 234-7, sept. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90094

ABSTRACT

La complicación séptica de la pancreatitis aguda sigue siendo la principal causa de muerte por esta, patología. Se analiza en forma prospectiva 20 casos de absceso de páncreas en un total de 118 pacientes tratados en el período 1984-1987. La etiología es claramente biliar en 8 casos, etílica en 4, postoperatoria en 2 y por hiperparatiroidismo en 1. En cinco casos la etiología de la pancreatitis permaneció desconocida. El ultrasonido ha demostrado ser útil para la oportunidad diagnóstica y decisión terapéutica. Trece pacientes presentaron complicación en el curso de una pancreatitis aguda severa según los criterios de Ranson. Todos los enfermos fueron operados realizándose vaciamiento y necrosectomía. En 8 casos se agregó laparostomía contenida. La mortalidad fue de 20%, mostrando una tendencia favorable al compararla con estudios anteriores que daban cifras de 57% en el período 1970-1975 y de 25% en el período 1978-1982. Esto se atribuye al diagnóstico más precoz, la hiperalimentación efectiva, agresividad frente al foco residual, uso de laparostomía, manejo perioperatorio en unidades intensivas y mejores antimicrobianos


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Pancreas/surgery , Pancreatitis/complications , Acute Disease , Pancreatic Diseases , Prospective Studies , Sepsis/mortality
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